View Full Version : Modern Warfare 2 kills entertainment sales records in 2 months
FiLTHY_SNiPER
01-13-2010, 09:09 AM
MW2 passes $1,000,000,000 in 2 months:
http://www.bluesnews.com/cgi-bin/board.pl?action=viewstory&threadid=106249
atomicbob
01-13-2010, 10:54 AM
Part of that is my $60!
Ching!
Nsane
01-13-2010, 12:32 PM
Proof that people will buy anything. :thumbsdown:
Crotch-Rot
01-13-2010, 12:44 PM
anything that is fun!
[W33T] Canadian23
01-13-2010, 01:36 PM
anything that is fun!
it is a fun game :D great game with friends in the dorms
Crotch-Rot
01-13-2010, 01:56 PM
I've put in somewhere around 50+ hours and have made it to level 59. So far, loving it!
FiLTHY_SNiPER
01-13-2010, 02:10 PM
Anyone have predictions as to what will happen to their stock, due to the astronomical sales of MW2?
I bought the stock at $9.89 in March and it's gone up to almost $13 at one point but now it's back down to $10.88.
Doesn't it make sense that it's going to go up quite a bit since Activision had such a good year?
If so, when?
And if not, why?
Crotch-Rot
01-13-2010, 02:23 PM
Blame all the people who boycott the game, Filthy. I predict that it will go up and down and up and down. That's the only constant in the market.
[W33T] Canadian23
01-13-2010, 02:40 PM
Blame all the people who boycott the game, Filthy. I predict that it will go up and down and up and down. That's the only constant in the market.
i find all them boycotts to be stupid in general
SoupyC
01-13-2010, 02:41 PM
Yeah, ya know, I was on the boycott bandwagon at first, but I played it and was won over, bought it twice, once for the PC and once for the PS3, and will be buying it for my down on his luck cousin so he can jump in too. IWnet is a MINOR pain in the ass (still not as good as dedicated servers) but the game is ridiculously fun.
atomicbob
01-13-2010, 03:31 PM
I can imagine how fun online play is. I'm going through it single player for the second time right now.
The early scene in the airport is the freakin bomb. I had a friend over and he was stunned by the violence. LOL
Now he's getting a PS3 of his own. Just for this game.
atomicbob
01-13-2010, 03:46 PM
Anyone have predictions as to what will happen to their stock, due to the astronomical sales of MW2?
I bought the stock at $9.89 in March and it's gone up to almost $13 at one point but now it's back down to $10.88.
Doesn't it make sense that it's going to go up quite a bit since Activision had such a good year?
If so, when?
And if not, why?
The "good year" was just high revenue. Not profits.
They only made a net profit of $ 9 million the first three quarters of this year.
:bs:
Nsane
01-13-2010, 04:07 PM
I refuse to give money to a company that backstabs the PC community like they did. Suffice it to say I will not buy another IW product.
FozzyBear
01-13-2010, 04:11 PM
It is very fun.
IWnet still sucks in my opinion. Not so much that I can't play, but have had some occasional issues with other people being able to join.
It is a neccesary evil if you want to play, and as long as people still find the minor hassle worth it there will be players.
To me it isn't ANY different than left for dead or borderlands. There wasn't as much upheavel against those games though.
The game is very fun, and I feel I have gotten every bit of my money out of it. Especially since I still enjoy playing it :)
I am not sorry I jumped off the boycott wagon. I didn't get it when it was first released and I did cancel my preorder. Whether or not that influenced the gods that be in any way, we will never know.
If you enjoyed cod4, you will enjoy MW2. No doubt about it.
The fact that I still get to play with my friends from WiH make it even better. The steam friends and ts make it extremely easy to game with one another.
Grim_Scythe
01-13-2010, 04:11 PM
I never had to give my money to the assholes I got it as a gift :D
It's ok for a game...hackers still run rampant last i checked online.
It's a sub for the hopefully better game Bad Company 2
JustMeBF2
01-13-2010, 04:41 PM
My buddy (that bugs me every day to buy the game) was playing with 7 other guys partied up and in a ventrilo. They were between games in a full lobby with other pubbers. All of them including my buddy who was at level 27 prestige suddenly everyone in the lobby was a level 70. Its a week+ later and he is still at first prestige with 70. They contacted steam as they are all waiting to see if their accounts get vac banned. LOL
=HR=Gumby!!!
01-13-2010, 05:17 PM
To preface my post, I have to say please don't take offense if you bought the game. I hope you have a blast playing! While I have no beef with either the people that bought or didn't buy MW2, I didn't buy and will not buy an further products from IW. There were a few reasons for this:
A) Assholiness: This is probably 80% of why I didn't and wont buy from IW. The developers were complete assholes about the whole thing. Say you were going to buy a car, but the dealership you are at only has the model you want in Blue and you want White. You could live with Blue but can't entirely make up your mind whether to pass or not. Dealership down the road has this model coming in in White for a slightly lower price, but you want something new to drive now. Would you go ahead and buy the Blue one from the current dealership if the salesman insisted on referring to you as Fuck Stick or Douche Face?
B) Price: Really minuscule point that really wouldn't have affected me either way by itself, but serves as icing on the cake. There is no reason for this title to be $60 on PC. Period.
C) Direction: I don't like the direction this could take the PC market. How will this affect other developers when a really big title like this is bought up like crazy on the PC when it's just a glorified console port. I mean for Christ sake, at launch, some of the menus still had 360 direction in place of the PC directions...It think this release has more power to marginalize the PC market than anything we've seen before.
D)IWNet: I remain unconvinced IWNet is anywhere near the same level of performance as a dedicated box. Especially with no way to kick or mute other players., no way to vote for a specific map to play etc. You are stuck with how IW has decided you should play which with how most vanilla un-admined MW servers played with pubs...no fucking thanks. I've gotten to the point that, if I can't find a community server with a decent rule set and active admins, I'll go play something else. After watching my housemate play MW2, I can say I don't think I'm missing out on anything but pure frustration with a wee bit of fun sprinkled in here and there.
In short, I barely game at all anymore. It's no biggie for me to skip out on one game from an (imo) sub par developer. I'll wait for something else to come along that I can support. I do agree the single player aspect was phenomenal after playing through it on my housemates 360. I just normally don't buy FPS games for the single player.
Fozzy, I think the reason the MW2 separates itself from Borderlands and L4D2 is that it's an entirely different style of multiplayer. At least that's my reasoning why it doesn't bother me. For 4 player Co-Op and extremely small scale VS, user hosting works just fine and really makes sense.
Anywho, that's my $0.02. Thoughts? (besides my typos and poor grammar >.> )
[W33T] JimmytehHand8
01-13-2010, 05:41 PM
I'm not really worried about all developers switching to the console port route that Activision is taking. Other developers will take their place in time. When you create that void in the marker some other company will come to fill it.
I played MW2 for a bit on my brothers Xbox. Its ok. The maps are a little big for the amount of players, and IW.net is a pain. I don't like not being able to pick which map and game modes I want to play. Lots of options for kits, the new guns are cool. I'm not a big fan of the reworked perk system.
atomicbob
01-14-2010, 08:24 AM
I played poker with a bunch of guys last night....
one guy went out...
and said...
"THAT'S OK! I'M GOING HOME AND PLAY MW2 ONLINE!"
I happen to know he's on satellite so his comment peaked my interest. He's on an aircard on a PS3 and says it plays just fine! WTF OVER!!
:minigun::minigun::minigun::minigun::minigun::mini gun::minigun::minigun:
I reckon I'll talk to an aircard guy.
LordBeer
01-14-2010, 08:47 AM
I played poker with a bunch of guys last night....
one guy went out...
and said...
"THAT'S OK! I'M GOING HOME AND PLAY MW2 ONLINE!"
I happen to know he's on satellite so his comment peaked my interest. He's on an aircard on a PS3 and says it plays just fine! WTF OVER!!
:minigun::minigun::minigun::minigun::minigun::mini gun::minigun::minigun:
I reckon I'll talk to an aircard guy.
Dude! This news is big enough it needs it's own thread! Why not use that for the PC?
atomicbob
01-14-2010, 08:49 AM
Dude! This news is big enough it needs it's own thread! Why not use that for the PC?
It's pretty freakin big news to me, for sure!
I guess it would work for PC also. I'm going to visit with them today and get the skinny.
=HR=Gumby!!!
01-14-2010, 09:10 AM
Beware the monthly bandwidth limits on aircards.
CrockD
01-14-2010, 09:46 AM
Gumby sums up my thoughts perfectly and I agree with him concerning the way I feel about you guys playing MW2. If you want to buy it and play by all means go ahead, I'm not going to criticize you for it, it looks like you're having a blast playing it and I'm happy for you.
I don't think those of us who will not play it are "stupid" however. I also felt huge concern for where IW was taking the world of PC Gaming. They are trying to make PC games into glorified console games and the secondary reason I play PC Games is because they are NOT console games. The primary reason however is that PC Gaming is where I come to play in a community and not allowing dedicated servers takes away from that.
When I first started PC Gaming on a regular basis in 2005 I almost quit because it looked like the landscape was entirely dominated by potty mouthed squeakers who need to be soooo 1337! Then I discovered WiH where admins actually made people behave like mature adults and people didn't care how 'leet' you were. It rescued PC gaming for me. IW's decision doesn't kill all the gaming communities out there, but it is a step down the slippery slope so I choose not to buy their products.
Just my 2 cents and like I said, those of you who did buy the game I am happy you are enjoying it.
@Filthy - Yeah what Bob said, the profit margin on the game is small so it hasn't had a huge impact on the bottom line. Also the pre-orders for the game indicated it was going to be a hit so a lot of their success was already baked into the stock price. A stock price is essentially an expectation of future and present cash flows. If the expectation of a hit game is already well known by everyone then the stock will already reflect that.
atomicbob
01-14-2010, 10:15 AM
Beware the monthly bandwidth limits on aircards.
How much bandwidth does gaming use? Any idea? This card has a 5 GB limit.
I don't do much downloading, etc.
=HR=Gumby!!!
01-14-2010, 10:30 AM
*Shameless copy from another forum*
I checked my bandwidth while hosting and playing normally and these were the results i got.
Not hosting
Up: 25 KB/s
Down: 2-5KB/s
Hosting
Up: 40-50 KB/s
Down: 30-50 KB/s
note these are in kiloBytes per second not bits. When i did the math, assuming i did it right someone may want to double check one hour of hosting will use up approx 200MBs of your upload bandwidth, about the same for your download. So... If you play 2-3 hours a day for a week that's already quite a few gigs
That means that you can play games where you host for approximately 10 hours a month before you cap out.
And that's if you do nothing else on the internet.
*End Shameless copy*
Keep in mind I can't verify these numbers at all, but they seem close to what I'd expect.
While I doubt you'd get host much running on an air car, it still seems you'd eat it up rather quickly. I'll try to track down something more concrete when I get home.
atomicbob
01-14-2010, 10:37 AM
Thanks for the help. I'll ask them about unlimited also.
(I have goosebumps just thinking about fragging on some WiH again)
:woot:
FiLTHY_SNiPER
01-14-2010, 01:24 PM
Check out your options Bob and see if you can get back in on the action!
SnaKe
01-14-2010, 03:55 PM
I was going to say, "I'll start out by saying I too could care less if you play this game". But the fact is, I do care bc if this is the start of a new trend then this community is in trouble.
If the rest of the PC gaming industry goes to this model, you can forget our community growing like it did when BF2 came out and we had a top 10 (even #1 for a while) dedicated server. Not to mention our other top rated dedicated servers. Most of you would not even know each other and be life long friends if it wasnt for dedicated servers!! For all practical purposes this community will not flourish if the other devs/publishers go to this model. Frankly, by buying this game your saying your video gaming is more important then our community. Sure, a hand full of you can get in TS and one of you can host a game so you can play with your buds. But you cant pull in hundreds of new players and potentially new members a month that way. I've always felt that the game is irrelevant, it's the camaraderie that's important.
Regarding comparing MW2 to L4D or BorderLands. Neither L4D or BL have a long history of dedicated servers and mods. I'd like to hear from one new member that L4D or BL has brought to the community. Dedicated servers and mods have brought literally hundred's of ppl to WiH.
SoupyC
01-14-2010, 05:13 PM
While I agree to an extent Snake (I found WiH via a Counterstrike Source server), I don't think this will kill the community...the community will adapt to new server models...I think community is stronger than you let on. I also think this challenges the community managers to come up with new and different ways to attract people to their sites/clans/etc.
IWNet doesn't prevent people from playing together, but it does make for faster games, no empty servers, don't have to worry about downloading a bunch of funky sounds or maps to play on a particular server, don't have to worry about having a mod or the right version of a mod, don't have to worry about west coast vs. east coast (for pings), etc etc etc. I've never once not been able to jump in and get into a match in less than a minute.
That being said, I also doubt that dedicated servers will ever go away completely.
FiLTHY_SNiPER
01-14-2010, 05:15 PM
Hopefully DICE will stay on track and release all their future PC games with dedicated server support.
PS. I haven't bought MW2, either. I don't want to support IW's lack of support for PC Gamers.
SnaKe
01-14-2010, 06:17 PM
While I agree to an extent Snake (I found WiH via a Counterstrike Source server), I don't think this will kill the community...the community will adapt to new server models...I think community is stronger than you let on. I also think this challenges the community managers to come up with new and different ways to attract people to their sites/clans/etc.
IWNet doesn't prevent people from playing together, but it does make for faster games, no empty servers, don't have to worry about downloading a bunch of funky sounds or maps to play on a particular server, don't have to worry about having a mod or the right version of a mod, don't have to worry about west coast vs. east coast (for pings), etc etc etc. I've never once not been able to jump in and get into a match in less than a minute.
That being said, I also doubt that dedicated servers will ever go away completely.I never said it would "kill" the community. In fact, I took special care to not make my post dramatic. I also agree we will adapt to what ever the future holds.
Re: your comments about iwnet. So marginalizing everything is ok with you? Diversity & innovation doesnt matter to you. That's really ironic considering some of the new weapons like the C140 (or whatever it is in MW2) was stolen from a COD4 mod from what I hear. Some of us like playing different variations or mods of our favorite games. And we dont mind waiting a couple of mins for the mod files or custom maps to dl'd.
SoupyC
01-14-2010, 07:04 PM
I'd say its innovative for the PC platform. Just because it was originally created for consoles doesn't make it bad. :) I don't think its marginalized at all, just simpler. Not necessarily a bad thing.
My apologies for the 'kill' comment as well, I didn't mean to put words in your mouth. :)
I'd go so far as to say that if people weren't boycotting this, we'd have a pretty decent MW2 following, judging from what I've played with those of us here who have it.
CrockD
01-15-2010, 07:56 AM
Why would any site managers want to be 'challenged' to build their community? Innovation is about making things easier for people. If you're running a gaming community there is nothing easier as a result of this decision. It is easier for IW however as it's a lot easier for them to support their game if it's a more homogeneous console port rather than a game that caters to the varied tastes of its customers.
If more people decided not to boycott this then yes their would probably be more WiH people playing the game together, but that ignores the point that if this had been the model all PC games took from the start there never would have been a WiH.
I hope this isn't the start of a disturbing trend in PC Gaming (Because if it is then you may as well buy a console and ignore the PC altogether) and like Filthy I hope That DICE sticks to their plan to provide dedicated server support with future games.
Crotch-Rot
01-15-2010, 08:56 AM
This is my rant and IMHO.
Gaming communities sprung up around the people who play games. Games (from development houses and publishers, not home-grown mods) aren't made to support communities. That's the way it was, is, and will be.
IW is changing the online multiplayer model. You can bet that other publishers and game developers will follow suit. It is the trend going forward. They are changing the playing field of how/where gaming communities attract new members.
Gaming communities, like ours, have to adapt or die. It is not impossible to grow a community under the new online model. No longer can you throw up a server, put admins on, and attract members to your community. You have to actively seek out and attract players to the community. Yes, it's more difficult. But doable.
Anyone remember the Xbox 360 Live game Chrome Hounds that came out a few years ago? How is that game different than MW2 in their online model? None. Can you host up your own server? nope. Can you admin your server? nope. Can you make modifications to the game player/server setup? nope. Back then, I saw a different model of online gaming coming and set out to see if I can still attract people to WiH. I played the game. I participated in their forums (game developer's and Microsoft's Xbox Forums), and attracted people into a clan that is based out of our community. End result is that more people came to the community.
While I don't like what IW's done, I also think anything is possible if people would approach the task from a different angle. Adapt and grow.
End rant.
SoupyC
01-15-2010, 10:03 AM
Why would any site managers want to be 'challenged' to build their community? Innovation is about making things easier for people. If you're running a gaming community there is nothing easier as a result of this decision. It is easier for IW however as it's a lot easier for them to support their game if it's a more homogeneous console port rather than a game that caters to the varied tastes of its customers.
If more people decided not to boycott this then yes their would probably be more WiH people playing the game together, but that ignores the point that if this had been the model all PC games took from the start there never would have been a WiH.
I hope this isn't the start of a disturbing trend in PC Gaming (Because if it is then you may as well buy a console and ignore the PC altogether) and like Filthy I hope That DICE sticks to their plan to provide dedicated server support with future games.
That is a problem with innovation in and of itself. We have robots that build cars now. Fantastic right? What about all of the people that were put out of jobs because of those robots? Someone always gets the shaft.
Personally, I tell everyone I can about WiH, from local guys that I group with to people whom I've made friends with online (whether its MW2 or even WoW)...thats community building, is it not? My point is, we don't have to rely on the servers being the ONLY source of growth in our community. They were (and I believe, will continue to be) a great source of new members, but times, they are a-changing.
This is the start of a new trend...or is it? No, games like L4D and BL never had dedicated servers to begin with, but they could have...however, Valve and Gearbox decided not to go with those models for multiplayer. Why? Because of the 'ease of use' idea.
Like I said above, I can jump on MW2 and get a game in less than a minute, whereas in COD4, if the server was full, I'd have to find another one with the right game type, a good ping, the right mods, etc...not a pain in the ass persay, but I can see how this matchmaking thing would be easier, and becoming more popular.
Besides, in MW2, say there are 18 of us that want to get together one night...we party up, we choose ground war, we get divvied up into teams, and we frag till we just can't take it any more...its no different, it just removes the servers from the equation. (that and smaller teams, but thats a different gripe, I think)
In the end, yes, you are going to see more of this. I think communities need to adapt or die. And besides, the games are still fun, even if they aren't what you expect out of the box.
Soup
CrockD
01-15-2010, 10:19 AM
We could argue this till we're blue in the face and while I certainly understand the adapt or die necessity, I think it's going to be much more difficult to get people to join a community in a viral way by asking people you've enjoyed playing with to go to a website then it would to have that site actually sponsoring the server in the first place. As the annoying saying goes "It is what it is..." if PC Gaming goes that way then communities will have to change or die. It's possible fps gaming may move almost exclusively to consoles in the future leaving MMORPGs and Strategy games as PCs last respite.
One point of correction: L4D DOES support dedicated servers.
As I said before, despite our disagreement on this I am glad you are enjoying the game. :thumbsup:
atomicbob
01-15-2010, 10:21 AM
I guess I never fully realized what the issue was, since online play is in another universe than mine. So, some stupid questions.
Can't developers just take the game and do mods and stuff like they did with CS:S and make it so you could have dedictaed servers?
SoupyC
01-15-2010, 11:10 AM
Some people have hacked the game, to allow for console functionality, which allows you to change rates of fire on weapons, or damage, or gravity, and also to connect directly to a server IP. This isn't supported by IW (yet).
I hope FPSes don't go console only, unless they give us the ability to use a mouse and keyboard. I suck with the sticks. :D
atomicbob
01-15-2010, 11:21 AM
I loved the low gravity games in CS. That was fun sheeit!
SnaKe
01-15-2010, 12:51 PM
Well it's not really innovative for the PC platform as much as it's innovative for FPS gaming. P2P hosting has been around since the PC and networking. :)
This is a good discussion though. I know we will need to adapt if this trend continues but to say that boycotting mw2 has somehow kept us from having a good mw2 following baffles me. Exactly how would more ppl at WIH playing mw2 bring in new members? I'm serious, how would it work? The only way I see how it would work is if the players wear a WiH tag. When you start up as a host can you name it? Can you have messages go across the screen informing ppl about WiH? Dont answer here. I've started a thread for this issue for discussion in the Call of Duty Series forums here (http://www.warishellgaming.com/forums/showthread.php?p=318182#post318182) to get ppl's input/suggestions.
I know we can go to other forums/websites/etc and promote WiH. Actually, Crotch has done that from the very beginning. I guess we'll just have to do it with more deliberation, strategy, organization and intensity.
I know it's just a game and God knows there are more important events going on in this world but the reason this boycott is so important is bc this is the first major dev/publisher to shift to this model. It's the front lines of a major shift in the style we love to play. If the industry shifts to this new paradigm, then we'll adapt, but it doesnt mean we should go quietly.
@Soupy -No prob on the kill thing. I value your comments bro. :)
Why would any site managers want to be 'challenged' to build their community? Innovation is about making things easier for people. If you're running a gaming community there is nothing easier as a result of this decision. It is easier for IW however as it's a lot easier for them to support their game if it's a more homogeneous console port rather than a game that caters to the varied tastes of its customers.Totally agree Crock.
This is my rant and IMHO.
Gaming communities sprung up around the people who play games. Games (from development houses and publishers, not home-grown mods) aren't made to support communities. That's the way it was, is, and will be.
IW is changing the online multiplayer model. You can bet that other publishers and game developers will follow suit. It is the trend going forward. They are changing the playing field of how/where gaming communities attract new members.
Gaming communities, like ours, have to adapt or die. It is not impossible to grow a community under the new online model. No longer can you throw up a server, put admins on, and attract members to your community. You have to actively seek out and attract players to the community. Yes, it's more difficult. But doable.
Anyone remember the Xbox 360 Live game Chrome Hounds that came out a few years ago? How is that game different than MW2 in their online model? None. Can you host up your own server? nope. Can you admin your server? nope. Can you make modifications to the game player/server setup? nope. Back then, I saw a different model of online gaming coming and set out to see if I can still attract people to WiH. I played the game. I participated in their forums (game developer's and Microsoft's Xbox Forums), and attracted people into a clan that is based out of our community. End result is that more people came to the community.
While I don't like what IW's done, I also think anything is possible if people would approach the task from a different angle. Adapt and grow.
End rant.While it's true our community sprung up around the ppl who play the game, it shot up when our BF2 server went on-line.
I'm not abdicating that devs/publishers should cater to clans/gaming communities. I've never felt that or said that. I know change is the only constant. But at this point, like I said above, I will resist it (with an open mind).
I like your Chrome Hounds example. Adapt and grow aye!
========================
I have more to say but no body likes a post that is to long. :hehehe:
SnaKe
01-15-2010, 01:25 PM
...This is the start of a new trend...or is it? No, games like L4D and BL never had dedicated servers to begin with, but they could have...however, Valve and Gearbox decided not to go with those models for multiplayer. Why? Because of the 'ease of use' idea. Is that the reason, or was it because there are so many elements in those games (ie. hundreds of zombies in L4D and millions of weapons in BL) they had to reduce the number of players? I'm not sure the gaming companies explanation that they're doing this for us should be taken at face value. Hell, even BFBC2 is saying the max server will be 32 player. That's probably bc of the complexity the destructible environment adds.
Why do we need them to match us up anyway? I can figure out myself if I'm in over my head. Besides, in a 64 player server (old school now, I guess) it's all going to average out anyway. This idea of "we're going to make your gaming experience better" (whether you want it or not) just doesnt fly with me. It's all fluff for the real reasons they had to make smaller servers and P2P hosting.
Like I said above, I can jump on MW2 and get a game in less than a minute, whereas in COD4, if the server was full, I'd have to find another one with the right game type, a good ping, the right mods, etc...not a pain in the ass persay, but I can see how this matchmaking thing would be easier, and becoming more popular.Wow, i didnt realize what a hassle it was until you just explained it. :baeh:
Besides, in MW2, say there are 18 of us that want to get together one night...we party up, we choose ground war, we get divvied up into teams, and we frag till we just can't take it any more...its no different, it just removes the servers from the equation. (that and smaller teams, but thats a different gripe, I think)Say there are 18 of us from the community that want to be on the same team and want to take on another team somewhere? Oh, cant do that.... :bs: :)
Not picking on you Soupy, just continuing the discussion.
atomicbob
01-15-2010, 01:34 PM
Swerving off course again, but my bonehead friend has line of sight wireless, not an air card. I can't get what he has.
FozzyBear
01-16-2010, 09:55 PM
Might see if you can try a wireless card. Can you get 3G yet?
If you have an iPhone you can try tethering it....unofficially that is.
redish16
01-17-2010, 08:42 AM
Its Oklahoma, if he can't get wireless, he isn't going to get 3g
Powered by vBulletin® Version 4.1.12 Copyright © 2012 vBulletin Solutions, Inc. All rights reserved.